CD4 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Despite astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma showing similar compositions in terms of immune cells, when assessing tumor-associated lymphocytes in LGGs, astrocytomas display a more immunosuppressive local microenvironment, with increased percentages of PD-1 + CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 + (TIM-3) CD4+ T cell subpopulations and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) [8].