Using IF for CD31 (endothelial cell marker), desmin (perivascular cell markers), and CA-IX (hypoxia marker), we found a site-dependent effect on tumor vasculature and hypoxia in response to CXCR4 inhibition, with statistically significant changes or strong trends only in the metastatic PCa lesions (Figure 5). Here, CXCR4 is linked to neoplasm.