EPO and myelodysplastic syndrome: Patients who have an excess of ring sideroblasts (RS) and low to intermediate risk who receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are also able to receive luspatercept (approved by the Food and Drug Administration [FDA] and the European Medicines Agency [EMA] in April 2020 for MDS) if they had previously failed, were intolerant to, or ineligible for EPO.