Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the NGF, BDNF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and NFL in the serum of aged men affected by COVID-19 at the beginning of the hospitalization period and characterized by different outcomes, i.e., a hospital ward group vs. an intensive care unit (ICU) group vs. a fatal outcome (deceased) group. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and COVID-19.