Surprisingly, even after controlling for non-genetic confounding factors, the PPARγ single-nucleotide polymorphism rs41516544, which has been associated with type 2 diabetes with an elevated risk of metabolic complications (e.g., insulin resistance, obesity, etc.), was suggested to augment the risk of intrauterine growth restriction for both male and female offspring [70]. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is fetal growth restriction.