Moreover, in stress conditions that cause unfolded protein production, protein levels of Parkin increase in astrocytes, but not in neurons, leading to neuroprotective effects and thus decreasing neuronal injury [79], suggesting the astrocytic Parkin’s role in neuroprotection against stress condition, and pathogenic role of astrocytes in PD carrying a Parkin mutation. The gene discussed is PRKN; the disease is Parkinson disease.