MAPK1 and macular retinal edema: At the same time, a balanced p38/TXNIP/NFκB pathway inhibition is required for proper tight junctions in the inner blood–retinal barrier [87] and for the prevention of macular edema [88,89,90,91], while ERK and JNK phosphorylation is inversely correlated with the expression of tight junction components in human retinal endothelial cells in vitro [92].