HER2 (receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2) signaling has also recently been identified as a potential target for intervention in IPF, based upon the identification of HER2 as a key element of the activation signature of invasive lung fibroblasts from IPF subjects and induction of pulmonary fibrosis with overexpression of HER2 in normal lung fibroblasts [52]. Here, ERBB2 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.