ATX (autotaxin), i.e., ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 (Enpp2), is an enzyme involved in LPA formation and has been reported to be expressed abundantly in the alveolar epithelium, fibroblastic foci, and alveolar macrophages of IPF patients [139] (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene ENPP2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.