DDIT3 and glioma: Importantly, whereas TMZ alone did not cause LC3-II accumulation, the combination of TMZ with CQ resulted in a significant increase in the levels of LC3B-II, ubiquitinated proteins, and cleaved PARP, as well as the ER stress pro-apoptotic protein CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C-EBP) homologous protein (CHOP/GADD-153) in U251 glioma cells [65].