Taking into account that Apoe-/- mice exhibited higher plasma cholesterol and larger aortic root lesions with larger necrotic cores, and more smooth muscle cells and matrix at 3 months of atherogenic diet than did the Ldlr-/- mice [62], one can suggest that the beneficial effect of IF depends on the stage of atherosclerosis development and the lesion area. Here, APOE is linked to atherosclerosis.