More recently, the randomized, placebo-controlled trial REGENERATE-DCM trial demonstrated an improvement in heart failure symptoms, biochemical parameters (NT-pro BNP), exercise capacity, and quality of life in 60 patients with non-ischemic DCM after administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with or without adjunctive intracoronary delivery of autologous BMCs [89]. Here, CSF3 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.