CatB was significantly upregulated in muscle tissues of patients with polymyositis, and in a guinea-pig model of coxsackievirus B1(CVB1)-induced polymyositis, the expression of CatB in muscles was significantly upregulated and inhibition of CatB activity with CA-074Me lowered the inflammation score and reduced infiltration of macrophages CD68(+) and TNF-α (+) cells [66]. Here, TNF is linked to polymyositis.