Increased risks of HCC were associated with the use of insulin (OR 3.73, 95% CI 2.52–5.51), with a higher risk associated with longer treatment duration (OR 2.52 for <1 year, 5.41 for 1–2 years, and 6.01 for ≥2 years; p < 0.001), and sulfonylureas use (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.98–1.99) [142]. Here, INS is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.