These findings support the hypothesis that host microbiota-regulated microglia progress through bidirectional communication in the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis may be the key link between the gut and the CNS, and our study revealed that ALL has an effect on the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis and antibacterial ability. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.