Some alterations were found in the genes for the tyrosine kinase receptors: EGFR, ALK, MET, RET, FGFR1, and DDR2, or in genes associated with cell signaling mediated by Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA) in NSCLC [97]. Here, KRAS is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.