In particular, it is reported that MiR-627 targeting HMGB1 modulates TGF-β causing pulmonary fibrosis via the NF-κB regulatory loop; in targeting HMGB1, miR-574-5p weakens acute respiratory distress syndrome and, in controlling fundamental aspects of respiratory system homeostasis, is a negative regulator of inflammatory responses [79,80]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.