We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE (1975–2022), EMBASE and SCOPUS (2000–2022)) and Web of Science Core Collection (1997-present) using combinations of the following keywords: diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, incretins, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, kidney disease, therapy, treatment. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.