NFE2 and cancer: Notably, cancer cells often display high levels of cellular GSH and ROS, in particular chemoresistant cancer cells, in which higher ROS levels activate antioxidant defense mechanisms, including nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (NRF2), for the development of chemoresistance by reprogramming metabolism and alleviating drug-mediated oxidative stress that normally leads chemosensitive cancer cells to death [5].