PDK4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This finding was further evaluated for gene specificity in skeletal muscles, especially for the ones suggested to be differentially methylated in T2DM [17], transcripts of which are elevated after exercises, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and citrate synthase (CS); all these transcription factors are involved in muscle-specific gene expression and housekeeping genes.