Yet, several metabolites of the microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptamine and indole-3-acetate, may attenuate inflammatory responses, insulin resistance, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction through binding with endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase PERK (EIF2AK3) and activation of transcription factor FoxO1, as well as they may mediate the expression of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c in hepatocytes [81,82]. Here, EIF2AK3 is linked to Insulin resistance.