To this end, we examined primary HBE cells isolated from non-treated IPF patients as well as non-IPF patients and evaluated the effects of treatment with pirfenidone, nintedanib or saracatinib on the expression of NOX4 and profibrotic genes, as well as other genes involved in redox homeostasis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.