BRAF and melanoma: Several anti-melanoma treatments have been developed over the past decades, including surgical resection (local excision, wide local excision, lymphadenectomy, or sentinel lymph node biopsy) [12], chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies (BRAF, MEK, HDAC, or EZH2 inhibitors), immunotherapies (immunomodulatory agents such as IFN-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-15, and immune checkpoint inhibitors), nano-therapies (liposomal nanocarriers, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes or dendrimers, extracellular vesicles) [13,14,15,16,17,18] and oncolytic virotherapy [19].