DDIT3 and infection: Wang et al. analyzed the effect of DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as CHOP), a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy, on the antiviral immune response during an infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a single-stranded RNA virus [39].