OTUD1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In contrast, Luo et al. screened DUBs that play essential roles in chemotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and identified OTUD1 as the only DUB that is significantly downregulated in chemoresistant ESCC cell lines as compared to its levels in the parental cell line [36].