S100B and perinatal asphyxia: Serum concentrations of S-100B increase in correlation with the severity of HIE, white matter brain lesions, and this has long-term neurological consequences: in severe asphyxia, the S-100B levels were found to be high immediately after birth and continue to rise with time (up to one week); in mild asphyxia, the blood levels exhibit only a slight elevation soon after birth and decline from this point further with time [61,67,106,107,108,109,110].