MAPK1 and prostate carcinoma: Interestingly, tBHQ activates ERK2 and JNK1 in HepG2 and HeLa cells [33], and phenethyl isothiocyanate activates ERK2 and JNK1, which phosphorylate Nrf2, resulting in nuclear translocation in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells [34] (Figure 1C).