TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Animal models of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, as well as clinical studies in type 2 diabetic patients, have demonstrated kidney protection after treatment with thiazolidinediones, a synthetic PPAR-γ agonist antidiabetic drug, observing an improvement in albumin excretion, and in glucose and lipid profile, and in high glucose-treated HK-2 cells, reduced proximal tubular cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-β and MCP-1 [136,137].