Mechanistically, in relation to the Wnt pathway, there was expression of the Wnt- β-catenin pathway as seen by the lowered expression of GSK-3β and sFRP4 and increased Axin, APC, β-catenin and Dvl1 gene expression when compared to AD-Neuro cells (Figure 5c). Here, SFRP4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.