In epithelial and mesenchymal cells, during ischemia-hypoxia, inflammation and cancer, its expression is up-regulated, and relevant agents are growth factors (VEGF-C and TGF-β1), cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1 and IL6), fibronectin and lipopolysaccharides [30]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.