Dietary NaB increased mRNA expression of TJ proteins (Ocln, Cldn-3, and ZO-1) while decreasing mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α), NF-κB, and MLCK-MLC, suggesting that it protects against pathogenic bacterial infections by strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier. Here, TNF is linked to bacterial infectious disease.