The IL-6 family cytokine, oncostatin-M (OSM), also enhances the expression of CXCL5 and neutrophil influx into the lungs after infection with E. coli, likely as a result of OSM-specific STAT3 (signal transduction and activator of transcription 3) activation in lung epithelial cells [279]. Here, CXCL5 is linked to infection.