Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of RNA-Seq data showed that differentially expressed genes due to valtrate treatment of GBM cells were associated with cell invasive migration, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathways (Fig. 5A and B). Here, AKT1 is linked to glioblastoma.