Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of Gram-negative bacteria that can induce the production of IL-1β by binding to CD14 Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and then IL-1β stimulates the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6), which in turn promotes the occurrence of intestinal inflammation and destroys the intestinal barrier, resulting in increased intestinal permeability [64]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is gastroenteritis.