CXCL10 and hand, foot and mouth disease: Several studies have summarized the cytokines and chemokines associated with severe HFMD, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL -37, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, IL-10, IL-22, IL-17F, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, G-CSF, and HMGB1 [202–204].