S100A4 and neoplasm: As s100a14 is also increased in tumor cells and is associated with poor prognosis, S100A4 may be a more useful biomarker for treatment of advanced disease since high S100A4 expression correlates with resistance to gemcitabine, the mainstay chemotherapy provided to patients with PDAC [58, 59], and EMT is known to alter the response to chemotherapy [60].