S100A4 and neoplasm: We also showed that solid organoids form allografts, which are high-grade tumors with high expression of both TGFβ1 and s100a4. Our findings link TGFβ1 with changes in the expression of S100a4 and S100a14, which are individually associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC (Fig. 6F, G), consistent with both proteins being elevated in tumor organoids (Fig. 2E) or patient tumors (Fig. S4B).