In keeping with histological findings, we found a higher expression of F4/80 and MCP-1 in FH when compared to WH (F4/80: 5.29 ± 1.44 vs 1.32 ± 0.58 fold, and MCP-1: 7.71 ± 1.15 vs 1.15 ± 0.6 fold) and in CDH when compared to CSH (F4/80: 6.66 ± 3.21 vs 2.57 ± 0.84 fold, and MCP-1: 12.51 ± 2.99 vs 1.45 ± 0.80 fold) (Fig. 4a, b). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and congenital diaphragmatic hernia.