Hence, based on mechanistic evidences supporting the implication of VCAM-1 in NAFLD pathophysiology19 and given the profuse vascularization of the liver (thus the large scope for antibody-target binding), we speculated that molecular imaging of VCAM-1 could be a suitable non-invasive mean to detect liver inflammation ahead of fibrosis development. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.