ITGAE and neoplasm: It has been shown that expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ by LTA-stimulated liver immune cells can be suppressed by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), indicating that in obesity-related HCC PGE2 through enhancing the prevalence of Treg cells and inhibiting the accumulation of CD103+ DCs may impair the anti-tumor functions of CD8+ T cells [51].