CD154+CD4+ T cells from ACPA+ RA patients exhibited a significant expansion of Th17 and Th1–17 intermediate T-cell helper subsets compared to the total parent CD4+ population (P = 0.0061 and P = 0.0365, respectively), with minimal differences observed between peptide groups (Fig. 6c). The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.