However, subsequent studies have shown that Smad4 inactivation in the context of KrasG12D (KSC) led to the acceleration of PDAC (Bardeesy et al., 2006b; Izeradjene et al., 2007), unequivocally confirming the tumor suppressor role of TGF-β signaling in PDAC. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD4 and neoplasm.