However, subsequent studies have shown that Smad4 inactivation in the context of KrasG12D (KSC) led to the acceleration of PDAC (Bardeesy et al., 2006b; Izeradjene et al., 2007), unequivocally confirming the tumor suppressor role of TGF-β signaling in PDAC. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.