To date, we have observed mice lacking FXR specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (FXRFl/FL-Vil-CRE) or in hepatocytes (FXRFl/FL-Alb-CRE) are both fully protected against DSS colitis by psyllium (Figure 13) and are currently generating mice to test the role of DC FXR in psyllium’s protection against colitis. The gene discussed is VIL1; the disease is colitis.