To date, these genes include BATF3, which helps establish the gene expression profile of ATL cells [56], CCR4, which increases cell migration and is currently targeted in clinical trials to treat ATL patients [82], DKK1, which promotes ATL-associated hypercalcemia and formation of bone lesions [46,83], and FOXP3, which maintains the T-reg-like phenotype of HTLV-1 infected cells [84]. This evidence concerns the gene CCR4 and hypercalcemia disease.