Consistent with our qRT-PCR results, analyses of microarray data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository revealed significantly higher MYOF expression in CD4+ T-cells from asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (AC) and HAM/TSP patients (HAM) compared to those from uninfected healthy donors (HD), and significantly higher MYOF expression in CD4+ T-cells from ATL patients compared to HDs (Fig 1E and 1F). Here, MYOF is linked to tropical spastic paraparesis.