TGFB1 and neoplasm: Our previous studies demonstrated that many suppressive cytokines secreted in the tumor microenvironment impact the motility and immune functions of DCs [6], such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) [7,8], interleukin-10 (IL-10) [9], and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [10].