CTLA4 and neoplasm: It has been found that the simultaneous CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade results in a synergistic and enhanced immune response against cancer: inhibition of CTLA-4 mainly acts on the lymph nodes and can upregulate PD-1 expression favoring the activation of T cells; therefore, it exerts a priming effect for the PD-1 blockade, which improves the function of effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment [56].