TBCE and neoplasm: Immune checkpoints, tumor stemness, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), TMB, MSI, DNMT, and MMR were important evaluation signatures for immunotherapy and adjuvant therapy, which could predict treatment effectiveness and the prognosis of patients (Chiappinelli et al., 2016; Luchini et al., 2019; Clara et al., 2020; Morand et al., 2021).