TNF and COVID-19: Other SPMs that can reduce cytokine production include: RvD1, which achieves this result by downregulation of the NF-κB pathway (Molaei et al., 2021); RvE1, which reduces the levels of IL-8 and TNFα production; and LXs, which might inhibit the TLR-4/MyD88 axis activated during COVID-19 and reduce hyperinflammation and CS-induced effects (Tang Y et al., 2020).