TRAF3 and infection: Besides RTP4, we also discovered FOSL1 as another suppressive regulator function on TBK1 through resisting the formation of TBK1/TRAF3/TRIF (TRIF, Toll/4ll-1 Receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta) complexes by limiting K63 ubiquitination of TRAF3 and TRIF and finally leads to suppression of type I IFN production at early infection and liver stages, which eventually results in P. y N67 parasite fast growth and host death (113).