In an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), overexpression of MIF could protect dopaminergic neurons and reduce neuronal neuroinflammation, while knockout of MIF in an AD mouse model could impair cognition, suggesting that MIF may be involved in the process of PD and even PD-CI (Li et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene MIF and Alzheimer disease.