Correspondingly, shFndc5 infection totally reversed the protective effects of LIPUS on hippocampal damage of VaD mice including the hippocampal synaptic plasticity (LIPUS vs. shFndc5: P = 0.034; Fig. 4D, E), and the hippocampal level of IL-10 (LIPUS vs. shFndc5: P = 0.032; Fig. 4F) and TGF-β (LIPUS vs. shFndc5: P = 0.026; Fig. 4G). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.