CYBB and Cognitive impairment: Activated Nox2 was demonstrated by Hernandes et al. 2014 in a septic rat model using apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidative activity, which inhibited Nox2 and 4-HNE expressions in the hippocampus and prevented the development of long-term cognitive impairment in septic survivors (Hernandes et al. 2014).