The pathophysiological factors implicated in BBB disruption during the pathogenesis of sepsis include upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and activation of VEGFR2, disorganisation of adherens junctions, reduced expression of tight junction proteins, activation or upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress induction and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (Archie et al. 2021). Here, VEGFA is linked to Sepsis.