SMN1 and glioblastoma: One study used IF in combination with the TFA and observed that VEGFR2, laminin 5 γ2 chain, and the mural cell marker smooth muscle actin (SMa) were expressed by glioblastoma cells that were capable of VM, and that these cells lacked the endothelial cell markers CD31, VE-cadherin, Tie1, and Tie2 [30].